Resources

In 2023/24, 6,669 practices received £10.2 billion from the NHS. Capitation payments to individual practices are adjusted using the Carr-Hill formula. On average, practices received £164.64 per patient, with higher payments for practices serving older populations due to higher healthcare needs, prescribing costs and the specific needs of rural areas. This analysis explores how NHS payments to general practices are informed by the age structure, deprivation and rurality of registered patients.

We have undertaken a series of 10 evidence reviews for NHS England and here highlight seven interventions and programmes with the strongest evidence base. 

The NHS employs over 1.7 million people in England. Empowering NHS staff to tackle health inequalities offers significant potential. However, several workforce challenges exist. In this brief, we review the international evidence on what works to empower health care staff to address inequalities.

Health care organisations can mitigate social and health inequalities by offering high-quality, equitable care. They can also improve communities’ overall wellbeing through their influence and assets to improve the economic, social, and environmental conditions in local areas. In this brief, we review academic papers on how health care organisations can effectively operate as anchor institutions to address inequalities in social determinants of health.

People from ethnic minority backgrounds and socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds experience consistently worse health outcomes than their white British and more affluent counterparts. Statutory guidance has recognised that community engagement and empowerment are vital to reduce these health inequalities. In this evidence brief, we summarise evidence examining the effectiveness of different community-centred strategies to improve health in disadvantaged communities.

There are stark inequalities in the supply, demand and need of general practice. ICBs can take action to address these inequalities.

We’ve developed datapacks for each ICB England to help them understand their inequalities and take action.

Below are the datapacks for the East of England ICBs. If you’d like a copy of your own ICBs datapack, please email us [email protected]

We have decades of evidence on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of investing in prevention. However, current health and care funding mechanisms do not facilitate investment in prevention. Here we explore what works best to increase and improve funding for prevention defined as any healthcare-based initiative that enhances long-term patient outcomes by reducing harmful exposure, disease onset, and illness progression across all life stages. 

Mortality rates are higher in areas of greater deprivation, and life expectancy a decade shorter in the least affluent areas compared to most affluent areas in England. Addressing inequalities through funding is crucial given its impact on service provision, workforce distribution and consequently patient outcomes. This brief examines the evidence on how health care funding can be structured to reduce health and care inequalities.

Digital health literacy is becoming increasingly important as more health information is shared through digital platforms. However, many individuals face challenges in accessing digital devices and understanding or critically evaluating digital health information. This evidence brief examines effective strategies for improving health and digital health literacy, particularly among disadvantaged groups.